Assictos tp amalgamated machmeby



L. l. YEUMANS.

' PLA: ER.

' APPLICATUN Fl'il HAR. 30= 1918. LQ 3S@ .Patented July 8, 1919.

E? MQ L. i. YEOMNS PLANEB.

APPLICATION FILED IIIAII. 30. Ism.

Patente Juy 8g i919.

14 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

I.. YEUMANS.

PLANER.

APPLICATION FILED HAR. so. IsIa.

L. L YEOIVIANS.

PLANER.

APPLICATION man [w1/mso, 191B.

I4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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Q Ei E L. l. YEOMANS.

PLANER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. so. IsIB.

Paened uly 8, 1919.

I4'sIIEETs-sHEET 5 LSQBSS L. i. YEOIVIANS.

PLANER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 30. 1918.

Patented July 8, 1919.

I4 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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PLANER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 3

atented July j8., 1919.

I4 SHEETShSHEET 7.

L. YEQMANS- PLANER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 30. |918.

Patented July 1919;

I4 SHEETS-SHEET B.

14 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

L. YEOMANS.

PLANER.

APPUCATION FILED MAR. 30.1918.

Faented .uly 8 /f/ ffm? AFUWEH.

I APPLICATION man :am: so. 19m. fg; t, Patented Juy 8, 1919.

' 14 SHEETS-SHEET lo.

PLANER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 30.19l8.

I4 SHEETS-SHEET ll.

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PLANER.

APPLICATION HLED MAR.30,191s.

I4 SHEETS*SHEFT I2 Patented July 8 L. l. YEOIVIANS.

PLANER.

APPLICATION man MAR.30,19|8.

Eatented July 8, 1919.

14 SHEETS-SHEET I3.

L. l. YEOMANS..

PLANER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 30. 1918.

Patented July 8, 1919.

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' of metal.

LUCIEN YEMANS, OF CHECAGO, LLINOS, SSIGNR TQ AMALG-AMTED MACHINERY CORFRATEGN, 0F CEECAG, ELLENOS, CORFGRATION OF DELAVJ'ARE.

PLNEE.

Specification o- Letters atent.

Fatenteti July iil?.

To all 'whom it may concern.'

Be it known that l, LUCIEN i. YnoMANss a citizen of the TUnited States, residing at Chicago7 in the county of Cook and State of illinois, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Planers, of which the following is a specification.`

Planers have hereto-fore been constructed lf the long bed of a large-size pl-aner were anchored to the foundation throughout its entire length.' or at various points along its length, the force due to expansion caused by temperature changes would he practically irresistible and the alinement of the hed would he destroyed by yield at the weakest point. 4it is, therefore, common practice to anchor the hed to the foundation o-nl at the housingsa thus leaving bothuends of the hed free to expand lengthwise. While this arrangement obviates the 'distortion due to the difference in the coeiiicients of expansion of the masonry foundation and the metal planer hed? eX- pansion will still cause more or less irregular distortion of the planer 'hed and throw it out of alinement, since the casting or cast ings constituting the planer bed are more in tension at certain points than at others on account of the usual internal castingstrains, these strains being differently relieved by the expansion. Y

lt will -be seen that the difiicnities in preserving alinement of the bed, due to expansion and contraction of the, materia-ls of which planers have been constructed, have limited the practicable size of planers.

4One of the objects of this invention is to provide a. system of construction which shall not be suhject to the limitations which we have seen to inhere in previous forms, `and whereby machines for planing metal may be built of any desired size.

Another object of the invention is to pro# vide .a system of constructing machines for g planing metal whereby such machines-may I he built comparatively quickly and; cheaply.

leretofore such planers have comprised large metallic parts, the casting and machining of which involved the expenditure of much time and money. ln fact, one of the great didiculties in speeding up the product-ionof metallic parts of maximum siZ'e (as, for example, the large-size beds of ammunition lathes and other large metallic partsentering into the construction of munitions of war) has been largely due to the lack of machine tools of the necessary capacity. Such limitations upon production are pai-tio ularly deplorable in the case of munitions of war or of large machine tools used in the production of munitions.`

The iirst-mentioned object is attained by constructingl the planer bed of material hav ing a much higher specific heat than iron.

thus greatly reducing expansion and contraction due to temperature changes; and

by providing the bed with metallic wearing surfaces formed on comparatively short metal sections rigidly anchored to the hed, spaces to permit expansion being left between adjacent sections.

T he second-mentioned object may he attained hy constructing the hed,v housings and cross-beam as a massive monolith of reinforced concrete.

y. rlhe invention also relates to the further improvements in planers hereinafter set forth.

in the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a planer embodying the features of my invention. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the planer. Fig. 3 is a fragmental side elevation on a larger scale. Fig. e is an end elevation. Fig. 5 is a fragmental horizontal section through the bed of the planer. Fig. 6 is a detail view showin the means for anchoring and attaching the ways. Fig. 7 is a View showing the means lfor reversing the directionl of travel of the platen.. Fig. 'l'a is a section on line A a-a of Fig. 7. Fig. 8 is a fragmental vertical sectional view of the planer, taken on line 8 8 of Fig. 3. Fig. 9 is a fragmental top -plan View of theplaten with the concrete omitted. Fig. 10 is a fragmental side elevation of the platen and the ways upon which it is mounted. Fig. 11 is a plan View of one of the way sections. Fig. 12 is a fragmental view of the platen upon an enlarged scale, showing also the means for reciprocating the platen. Fig. 13 is a transverse sectional View of the platen and the ways. Fig. 11i is atransverse sectional View of the bed,'the W-ays,and the platen, taken construction ofthe platen. Fig. 17 is a section on line 17-17 of Fig. 12. Fig. 18 is` a. fragmental horizontal sectional view" Athrough the bed showing the means for restanding of the invention, I have selected footing 1.

for illustration a planerwhich has been constructed in accordance with the invention and having a bed 184 feet long, said planer being capable of planing a casting 90 feet long.

For convenience in handling the work, a machine embodying the invention is preferably constructed so that the bed is approximately iush with the floor. When so located, the first step in the process of con- `structing the machine consists in excavating a trench of suitable depth, length and width. In this trench is poured a concrete After the footing has set, suitable forms are erected for the bed .2, the housings 3v and the beam 4. lVithin. these forms are placed'. metal reinforcing bars 5,

. said -bars being secured in place in any wellknown or suitable manner so as not to be disturbed during the pouring o'f the' concrete. The bars 5- reinforce the beam 4 against all tensional and torsional stresses that may arise in use. The bed 2 and the housings 3 are made so massive that the concrete alone would bear all stresses arising in the operation of the planer. However, the-.bed and the housings are heavily reinforced by bars 5 against the stresses arising in the shrinkage of the-concrete and in the expansion and contraction due to temperature changes. Sufficient reinforcing is einployed to prevent such stresses from result ing in isolated cracks of serious character. the stresses being so distributed by the reinforcing bars that such cracks as may form are widely distributed and exceedingly small, and hence of no consequence.

At opposite sides of the housings 3 the bed is widened as indicated at 1a.

The platen 6 is -mounted upon metallic ways rigidly secured from one end to the other to the bed 2. As shown Figs. 1, 2, 10, 11, 13 and 14, the ways consist of a plurality of transverse sections 7 rigidly secured to the bed and spaced apart 'from one another sufficiently to al-p;

low each to expand with a rise in tempera ture without coming in contact with adjacent sections` The. sections 7 are comparaldian line of each section.

tively short so that lany eXEansion that may occur will be very slight. ach section comprises a flat rail '8 and a V-grooved rail 9 -rigidly secured together by means of transanchor bolts 12 serve to hold the sections 7 down in the desired plane. Vertical adjusting screws 14 are screwed into holes 14"l (Fig. 11) in the sections 7 at various points along each side of each of the rails 8 and 9 and bear againstthe top of the bed 2. By means of the nuts 13 and screws 14, the way-sections 7 are accurately adjusted with reference to the true level, as distinguished from the apparent level.

Upon the lower face of each section 7 are cast a number of downwardly-extending lugs 15 (Figs. 15 and 17), there being a plurality of such lugs at each'side of the me- These lugs `project downwardly into recesses 16 formed in the bed 2. Internally-threaded bushings or sleeves 17 (Fig. 17) are embedded in the b ed 2 in ahorizontal position for the reception of adjusting screws 1S arranged to bear After shrinkage of the bed 2 has practically ceased, the sections 7 of the ways are placed upon the bed and the nuts 13 and thescrews 14 and 18` adjusted until the sect-ions of the rails S and 9 are perfectly alined. A

concrete grout 19 is then poured between j 12 (Figs. C and 13) embedded in the lbed 2. Nuts 13 screwed upon the upper ends of the the bed and the sections 7 to make the ways substantially integral with the bed.

The plat-en 6 is constructed of reinforced` concrete. The reinforcing consists partly of bars and partly of castings. The. castings serve also to provide skids that slide upon the rails 8 and 9. Said castings alsol provide undercut, slots in the upper surl low box-like form. Upon the lower side oi' each platen section is a fiat skid 21 (Fig. 13) arranged to slide upon the rail 8 and a V- Lacasse shaped skid 22 adapted to slideV in the grooved rail 9. ln the upper side ot each platen section is a suitable number ot undercut longitudinal grooves 23 for the reception of the Work-attaching appliances. Each section 20 comprises a plurality ot' transverse Webs 241 (Fig. 15) having openings (Figs. 15 and 17) therein through which reinforcing bars 26 are passed and through which the concrete 27 i'iows. lleini'orcing bars 26 also lie in notches 2S formed in the upper edges ot' the transverse webs 24.. rlhe bars 26 are preferably ot' materially greater length than the platen sections s0 as to extend through a plurality ot adjacent sections, the ends of the bars being preferably hooked or 'bent as shown in lfig. 15. rlhe end portions ot the bars in any given row are overlapped to a substantial extent as represented in liig. 15. the laps in the ditlerent rows being stag-- gered.

ln order to prevent such sandoi` grit as may form through granulation of the ooncrete of the platen from falling on the rails 8 and 9, sand-prooi joints are provided between adjacent platen sections. lhile such joints may be constructed in various ways, the form herein shown comprises a tongue 29 (Figs. 16 and 17) formed upon the end` ol one section and overlying a'iiange 30 on the adjacent end of the adjacent section. Before the concrete is poured, a strip ot' suitable material, as, for example, canvas 31, is inserted into the space between the tongue 29 and the ange 30 so as to constitute virtually a lining for said space. The space is then calked with oakum 32 or the like, after which the concrete is poured into the platen sections. rJhe canvas 31 and oakum 82 prevents any grit from falling through the space between adjacent platen sections and onto the rails 8 and 9.

Preferably the joints just described do not extend straight across the sections, but are of angular torni as indicated in Fig. 9. es shown in said ligure, the platen sections that form the opposite ends of the platen have square or plain outer ends. The inner ends of the head section and the tail section are formed to provide sand-proof joints with the adjacent ends of the intermediate sections.

rlhe rails 8 and 9 are lubricated by means of rolls 33 (Fig. 13) mounted within oil pockets 34 in the way-sections 7. Said rolls have peripheries suitably formed to make contact with the skids 21 and 22 as the platen reciprocates upon its ways. ln their rotation, the rolls 33 carry up oil to the skids, from whence the oil is carried onto the rails 8 and 9. lf desired, the peripheries of the rolls 33 maybe grooved, as shown, for greater eectiveness in carrying oil. The rolls are mounted on plates 35 which are supported on expansion springs 36, whereby the rolls are jf'ieldingly pressed against the skids 21 and 22.

The platen is reciprocated by means ot' a spur-gear or bull-wheel meshing with a rack 37 secured to the lower side of the platen. Said rack is formed in sections which are attached to the platen by means of bolts 38 (Fig. 13) that extend through longitudinally elongated holes 3S) in the rack sections and through holes d0 in the platen sections. @n each rack section is a locating rib All that tits into a groove a2 in the lower side ot the platen. l

rlhe method o1c assembling the platen is as follows: The platen sections 2() are laid up-side-down upon a floor or other plane surface and arranged in alinement with suitable spaces therebetween tor the sand-prooi joints. The rack sections are then secured to the platen sections by means of the bolts 38. lt desired,.the end sections ot' the rack may be further secured to the end platen sections by means ot dowel pins #i3 (Fig. 9). As indicated in Fig. 12, the rack sections break joints with the platen sections. lhe correct spacing olf the rack teeth 'on the adjacent ends of the racksections is obtained by planing od' more or less of the chipping pads 4e (Fig. 17) provided on the ends ot' the rack sections. After the entire rack has been attached to the platenV sections, those rack sections that overlap adjacent .platen sections are removed, thus disconnecting the platen sections from each other. r.lhe rails 8 and 9 having been greased, the platen sections are transported to and placed in proper order upon said rails.. The rack sections that overlap adjacent platen sections are then secured in place, thus uniting all ot' the platen sections.

rlhe workmen gain access to the lower sides ot' the platensections through the passageway (Figs. il and 18) extending longitudinally of the bed, and through the open spaces 4G (Fig. 11) in the way-sections T. rlhe sand-proof joints between the platen sections are then made; the reinforcj ing bars 2G are set in place; and the platen .sectionsl are filled with concrete.

rlhe bull-wheel d? (Figs. 12, 17 and 18) is fixed upon a shaft i8 which is mounted in bearings 119. through a reduction gear train formed of the gear wheels 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57 and 5S. rlhe bearings if) and the bearings tor the shafts that carry the reduction gears are secured to the bed by means of anchor bolts 59 (Fig. 3). After the platen has been constructed, the bearings #i9 i''or the bull-wheel shaft 48 are set and adjusted so that the bull-wheel meshes properly with the rack 37. rlhe bearings t'or the shaft that carries the pinion 50 are then properly positioned.

rlhe bull wheel is driven rlhe end bearings for the re-V 1 ings have been properly fixed in position,

. Fig. 18). r1`he motors are belted to pulleys grout is placed between the bearings and the bed, as. indicated, for example, at in Fig. 3.

The shaft 61 that carries the pinion 58 is arranged to be drivenalternatively in opposite directions by means of two electric motors 62 and 63 mounted on the bed (see 64 and 65 carried by shafts 66 and 67. On each of said shafts is a wide pulley 68. Belts 69 and 70 extend from the pulleys 68 to tight pulleys 71 and 72 and loose pulleys 73 and 74 on the shaft 61. In operation, the -motors run constantly, the belts 69 and 70 being alternately shifted v onto their-'respective tight pulleys.

Any suitable means may be employed to shift the belts 69 and 70. Herein are shown pressure-fluid-actuated belt shifter loops 75, each connected to the piston of a compressed-air cylinder, the cylinders being. indicated at 76 and 7 7.

The supply of pressure-fluid to the opposite ends of the cylinders is controlled by means of valve mechanism of suitable construction. The arrangement employed in the present embodiment Will be best understood by referring to Fig. 19. 78 is a compressed air supply pipe leading to a four- Way cock 79. The oscillatory valve member 80 has a port 81 therein adapted to connect the supply ipe 78 With a pipe 82 that-extends to a t ree-way cock 88. The oscillatory valve member 84 of the three-Way cock 83 is ladapted to connect the pipe 82 with a pipe 85 leading to one end of the cylinder 76. At the same time, the valve member 84 connects the pipe 82 with a pipe 86 leading to the corresponding end of the cylinder 77.

The valve member 80 of the .four-'Way cock 79 has a port 87. When the port 81 connects the pipes 78 and 82, the port 87 connects an exhaust pipe 88 with a pipe 89 that extends to a three-way cock 90. he valve member 91 of the cock 90 has a passage adapted to connect the ipe 89 with a ipe 92 that leads to the end o the cylinder 7) 6 opposite to the end supplied by the pipe 85. At the same time, the valve member 91 connects the pipe f8.9 With a pipe 93 that leads to the corresponding end of the cylinder 7 7 The valve memberSO is oscillated so as to connect the pipes 82 and 89 alternately with'the feed pipe 78 by suitable means, such as that shown, for example, in Fig. 7. 94 is a bar 'fixed'.-to the platen and extending longitudinally. thereof. Valve-trippingV devices are adjustably mounted 'upon the bar 94 at points determining the length of travel of the platen. When the platen is completing a' feed movement, the tripping device 95 respectively. 111 is an exhaust strikes a finger 96 adjustably mounted upon l an arm 97, said arm being rigid With the valve member 80, thus turning said valve member into position to connect the supply pipe 78 with the pipe 89 and to connect the pipe 82 with the exhaust pipe 88. The pis- `96 and moves said finger into the dotted-linev position shown in Fig. 7, thus turning the valve member into the position shown in Fig. 19', and causing a shifting of the belts 69 and 70 to the tight pulley 71 and the loose pulley 74, respectively. Another feed stroke' will thereupon be imparted to the platen.

In order to provide means for stopping the platen at any time, the following described means is employed: A four-way cock 99 (Fig. 19) is connected tothe supply pipe 78 by means of a pipe 100. Said valve also is connected to the pipe 92 by means of the pipes 101 and 102. The pipe 101 is connected to the pipe 86 by means of a pipe 103. Check valves 104 and 105 are connected into the pipes 102 and 103, respectively. The four-Way cock 99 is connected to the pi e by means of the pipes 106 and 107. 'ghe pipe 106 is connected to the pipe 93 by means of a pipe 108. Check valves 109 and 110 are located in the pipes107 and 108, pipe. The oscillatory valve member 112 of the cock 99 has two ports 113 and 114. The valve member 112 may be manually operated in any suitable manner. Herein is.shoWn a vertical rock shaft 115, the lower `end of which is provided with a socket 116 that fits upon the stem (not shown) of the'valve member 112. Hand levers may be placed upon `the rock shaft at any convenientpoints. Herein are shown a hand lever 117 accessible to a workman standing beside the bed and a hand lever 118 for operation b a workman standing upon the beam 4. he valve members 84 and 91 are connected to the rock shaft 115 by suitable means, as, for example, the crank arms 119 and 120 and the links 121.

Fig. 19 shows the arts arranged to'produce a feed stroke o the laten. If it be desired to stop the platen, t e rock shaft 115 is turned so as to move the valve members 84 an arc of about 45 degrees, ng' all of .the ports in the three-way valves 83 and 90. The same movement of the rock shaft 115 turns the valve member 112 so as to place the ort 113 in communication with the feed pipe 100 and the pipe 101 and to lace the port 114 in communication with t e pipes 106 and 111.

tons in the cylinder 76 and 77 are thereby p 73. Air exhausts from the other end ot' the cylinder 76, through the pipes andylO?, past the check valve 109, and through the pipe 106 and the port 114, to the exhaust ipe 111. in this operation, the cylinder 7 has not been adected, since the end oiu said cylinder which was under pressure is still under pressure through the pipes 101, 103 and 86; and the end or" the cylinder 77 which was open to the exhaustis still connected to the atmosphere through the pipes 93, 108 and 106. "W hen it is desired to again the platen in motion, the shaft 115 is operated to restore the three-Way cocks 83 and 90 and the four-way cock 99 to the position shown in Fig. 19, whereupon the piston in the cylinder 76 will be moved to place the heit 69 upon the tight pulley 71.

When a return stroke is being imparted to the platen, the platen may be stopped and restarted by operating the rock shai't 115 to blank the three-way cocks 83 and 96 vand set the tour-Way cock 99 in the position hereinbetore described. The cylinder 7? will then be operated, while the cylinder 76 remains inactive.

Any suitable means may be provided for supporting the tools. Herein is shown a head rail 122 (Fig. 20'), said rail comprising a web that covers the forward tace ot the beam't, a longitudinal flange 123 that overlies said beam, and a longitudinal ange 12e that underlies the beam. rlhe head rail 122 is rigidly secured to the beam by means including bolts 125 which extend through openings 126 provided in any suitable manner in the beam 4 (see Fig. 8). lhe bolts 125 extend through the beam and the head rail 122. Yhe head rail 122 is accurately located in position and fixed upon the bemn d by means of vertical adjusting screws 12? extending through the flanges 123 and'12f1 and bearing against the upper and lower sides of the beam 11. After the 'head rail 122 has been secured in place by means of the bolts 125 and the adjusting screws 127, the space between the head rail and the beam t is lled with grout, as indicated at 128.

Upon thev` head rail 122 is a horizontal guide 129 upon which a suitable number of tool heads 130 may be slidably mounted. 'lwo such heads are herein shown. 4Said heads g-. may be adjusted by any preferred means-,adler example, a screw 131 extend# ing longitudinally of and fixed-,to the head rail 122. Each head 130 is provided with a 4 nut 132 (Fig. 22) titting upon the screw 131 and arranged to be rotatedby means im cluding a hand wheel 133 located within couvenient reach of a workman standing upon the beam t. rlhe tools (not shown) are carried by vertically movable slides 13% on the heads 130, said slides being movable by means or hand wheels 135 which are accessible to an operator stationed on the beam el.

rl`he orm of planer construction herein disclosed renders possible the building ot planers of any desired dimensions. rl`he metallic wearing surfaces on the bed are formed upon comparatively short, independently-supported member-s, hence the very slight changes in length oi' the various members, due to temperature changes, have no cumulative e'lect upon the bed as a whole, and consequently the alinement ot' the bed is not destroyed. Being constructed oi mate ial having a high specific heat, the bed is not subject to troublesome expansion and contraction.

it will he apparent that a planer which may Jtairly he. termed oi' enormous propor-A tions may be constructed in a small fraction of the time required to build a very much smaller planer ot' metal, since the erection oi' the i'ormwork for the concrete, the placing ot the-reinforcement and the pouring ot' the concrete may be carried out by comparatively unskilled labor, and suiiicient men may be placed upon the job to insure completion or the concrete work with any requ` ed degree 'orp expedition. Those portions ot the planer requiring machine-tool operations consist of comparatively small parts which can be conveniently cast and ein peditiously machined on existing machine tools or moderate capacity. struction of a large planer according to prior methods may require perhaps two years, the construction ot a much larger planer in accordanceivith the present invention may be completed in a tenth of that time, and at a much lower cost.

l claim my invention: i

1. i planer having, in con'lbination, a bed, housings, and a head-beam, all of monolithic reinforced concrete, 'and a platen re ciprocable on the bed. l

2. A planer having, in combination, a monolithic reinforced-concrete bed, a series or" way sections rigidly secured to the bed in alinement with each other and spaced apart to permit independent expansion and contraction oll said sections, and a platen slidably mounted on the Way sections.

3. i planer having a structure, a series of way sections spaced apart trom each other to permitindependent expansion and contraction of the Way sections, means Jfor securing Vall of said sections to said structure in alinement with each other, and a platen slidably mounted on the Way sections.

d. f1 planer having, in combination, a con crete bed. having anchor bolts embedded `While the con.- Y

therein, a series of way sections having openings through which said bolts extend, nuts on the bolts above the way sections, adjusting screws carried by the way sections and bea-ring against the bed, said screws and nuts serving to secure the way sections rigidly tothe bed in alinement with each other with reference to a level, and means for adjusting the way sections upon, and securing them to the "bed, in alinement with eachA other with reference to a. vertical plane.

5. A planer having a bed provided with a longitudinal passageway, a series of way sections on the bed, means for adjusting said way sections upon the bed and securing them to the bed with reference toa level, lugs projecting downwardly from said way 'sections at opposite sides of said passageway, and horizontal screws carried by the bed and accessible in said passageway, said screws bea-ring against said lugs and serving to aline the way sections with reference to a vertical plane.

6. A planer having a bed, a series of way sections securedto the bed in alinement with each other, each way, section comprising two rail sections and transverse webs joining said rail sections, openings being provided between said transverse webs, a platen having skids arranged -to slide uponv said rail sections, a rack secured tothe lower side of said platen, a gear wheel carried by the bed and meshing with said rack, and means for driving said gear wheel, a longitudinal passageway being formed in the bed between the rails to afford access to the rack in conjunction with the openings between said transverse webs.

7. A planer having a bed and a platen, said platen consisting of reinforced concrete and including a series of metallic members upon its lower side to provide wearing surfaces to slide on the bed, and sand-proof joints vbetween adjacent members.

8. A planer having a bed and a platen, said platen consisting of a series of metal box-like sections, each having a skid on its lower surface to slide on the bed, reinforcing elements extending longitudinally through said series of sections, and concrete filling said box-like sections and investing said elements.

9. A planer having a bed provided with a way and a platen, said platen consisting of a series of metal box-like sections, each having a skid on its lowcr'surface to slide 10. A planer having a bed provided with I away, a platen consisting of a series of metal box-like sections, each having a skid on its lower surface to slide on the way, reinforcing elements extending longitudinally through said series of sections, each element extending through a plurality of said sections, concrete filling said box-like sections and investing saidreinforcin elements, and a rack secured to and extending longitudinally of the lower sideA of the platen, said rack consisting of sections differing in length from the box-like sections, certain of said rack sections overlapping the ends of adjacent box-like sections.

ll. A planer having, in combination, a platen, two elements for driving the platen in opposite directions,y two double-acting pressure-fluid cylinders and connections for controlling said elements, a valve controlling the supply of Vpressure fluid to the ends of said cylinders, means connected to the platen for operating said valve, two intermediate valves each for controlling communication between thel first-mentioned valve and one of said cylinders, a valve and connect-ions for by-passing pressure fluid and exhaust iiuid around the rst-mentioned valve, and means for operating said intermediate valves and said by-pass valve.

12. A planer-having, in combination, a platen, two elements for driving the platen in opposite directions, two double-acting pressure-fluid cylinders and connections for controlling said elements, a Valve controlling the supply of pressure iuid to tlie ends A of said cylinders, means for automatically operating said valve, two intermediate valves each for controlling communication between the first-mentioned valve and one of said cylinders, a valve and connections for by-passing pressure fluid and exhaust fluid around the first-mentionedvalve, and manual means for simultaneously operating said intermediate valves 'and said by-paSS valve. j

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set. my hand.

LUCIEN I. YEOMANS. 

